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For the radio format associated with this genre, see Modern rock

Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock or simply 😆 alternative) is a category of rock music that evolved from the independent music underground of the 1970s. Alternative rock acts 😆 achieved mainstream success in the 1990s with the likes of the grunge, shoegaze, and Britpop subgenres in the United States 😆 and United Kingdom, respectively. During this period, many record labels were looking for "alternatives", as many corporate rock, hard rock, 😆 and glam metal acts from the 1980s were beginning to grow stale throughout the music industry. The emergence of Generation 😆 X as a cultural force in the 1990s also contributed greatly to the rise of alternative rock.

"Alternative" refers to the 😆 genre's distinction from mainstream or commercial rock or pop. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to musicians influenced by 😆 the musical style or independent, DIY ethos of late-1970s punk rock.[4] Traditionally, alternative rock varied in terms of its sound, 😆 social context, and regional roots. Throughout the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, and word of mouth had increased 😆 the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock's distinct styles (and music scenes), such as noise pop, indie rock, 😆 grunge, and shoegaze. In September 1988, Billboard introduced "alternative" into their charting system to reflect the rise of the format 😆 across radio stations in the United States by stations like KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and WDRE-FM in New York, which 😆 were playing music from more underground, independent, and non-commercial rock artists.[5][6]

Initially, several alternative styles achieved minor mainstream notice and a 😆 few bands, such as R.E.M. and Jane's Addiction, were signed to major labels. Most alternative bands at the time, like 😆 The Smiths, one of the key British alternative rock bands during the 1980s, however, remained signed to independent labels and 😆 received relatively little attention from mainstream radio, television, or newspapers. With the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the 😆 grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream, and many alternative bands became successful.

Emo found 😆 mainstream success in the 2000s with multi-platinum acts such as Fall Out Boy, My Chemical Romance, Paramore and Panic! at 😆 the Disco. Bands such as the White Stripes and the Strokes found commercial success in the early 2000s, influencing an 😆 influx of new alternative rock bands that drew inspiration from garage rock, post-punk and new wave, establishing a revival of 😆 the genres.