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Blackjack (formerly black jack and vingt-un) is a casino banking game.[1]: 342 It is the 2️⃣ most widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global 2️⃣ family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one". This family of card games also includes the European games vingt-et-un and 2️⃣ pontoon, and the Russian game Ochko [ru].[2] Blackjack players do not compete against each other. The game is a comparing 2️⃣ card game where each player competes against the dealer.

History [ edit ]

Blackjack's immediate precursor was the English version of twenty-one 2️⃣ called vingt-un, a game of unknown (but likely Spanish) provenance. The first written reference is found in a book by 2️⃣ the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes was a gambler, and the protagonists of his "Rinconete y Cortadillo", from Novelas 2️⃣ Ejemplares, are card cheats in Seville. They are proficient at cheating at veintiuna (Spanish for "twenty-one") and state that the 2️⃣ object of the game is to reach 21 points without going over and that the ace values 1 or 11. 2️⃣ The game is played with the Spanish baraja deck.

"Rinconete y Cortadillo" was written between 1601 and 1602, implying that ventiuna 2️⃣ was played in Castile since the beginning of the 17th century or earlier. Later references to this game are found 2️⃣ in France and Spain.[3]